Science Olympiad

september 16, 2008

Today in science olympiad, we read and highlighted the rules. We learned that we will have to wear pants or skirts that cover the legs and ankles. We also must wear lab coats, and safety gloves are optional. We also have to wear closed toed shoes and OSHA-approved non-vented or inderect vented chemical splash goggles.

We are going to a candle for burn tests on fiber samples. We will have 12 to 15 unknowns with one to two mixtures containing two of the solids with asterisks.

Solid= sand(white), powdered limestone, vitamin C, table salt, sugar(crystal), flour, gypsum, corn starch, baking soda, powdered gelatin, powdered Alka-Seltzer

October 1,2008

In Science Crime Busters (SCB) the collected evidence and other data given could be used in a mock crime scene analysis to solve a crime problem. A scenario will be developed such as the following: a bank robber enters a bank and hands the counter person a note, which says "Give me all your money" The robber escapes with the money, but a white powder remains. later, suspects are brought in. Chromatographic analysis of the ink from their pens is proformed an order to identify the robber. Each suspect's powder is then compared with the powder found at the crime scene, and so on.

October 3, 2008

The Competition: There will be 4 parts and then the analysis of the Crime.The event will consist of evidence from parts 3a, 3b, and 3c at all the competitions and up to 2 parts of the crime scene physicle Nationals. All competitions will require the analysis. Questions can only be asked on the evidence areas found at the Crime Scene, so for instance if DNA was not one of the pieces of evidence found at the crime scene, no questions about DNA can can be asked.

October 17, 2008
a)qualitative analysis:the unknown common matierials will be taken from the following lists.
i.solids:anhydrous sodium, acetate, *sand(white), *calcium carbonate(powdered limestone), vitamin C(ascorbic acid), *table salt(NaCl), *sugar(crystal), *flour, *gypsum(calcium sulfate 2h2o), *corn starch, *baking soda, *powdered gelitan, *powdered Alka-Seltzer, yeast.
ii.Non-powdered metals: aluminum, iron, zinc, magnizeum, copper, and tin.
iii.liquids: lemon juice, rubbing alcohol(isoporpyl), household ammonia (3%), water, vinagar, hydrogen paroxide(3%).

October 24,2008
at the regional competition, we will have 12-15 unknowns with one to two mixtures containing two of the solids with asterisks. at the state level, we will have 15-18 unknowns and will have at least 2 mixtures containing 2-3 of the solids with astrisks. at the national level, we will have 18-20 unknowns with at least two mixtures containing at least 2-3 solids with astrisks. the unknowns will be identified by preforming tests such as solubility, acidity, magnetic property, color, density (by hefting the sample in its container), and odor. every team gets the same set of unknowns and the scenario will identify which containers hold the mixtures.

November 12, 2008

Today we did the finger printing nd hair analysis work sheets.
The activiy sheets are in our science plympiad binder.
In the competition there is a god chance that we will have to study finger prints of all of the finger prints and hair of several suspects, counting animals.

November 13, 2008
Today and yesterday, we are sorting all of the chemicals and other things in our box of stuff to bring. we need to see what we can bring and what we will get disqualified for. we will sort it and put the stuff that we can't bring into another box. we will label the "bad" box and put it in the storeroom.

December 1, 2008
Today in science olympiad we are seeing what we will have to do, and how to do it. like the hair and finger samples. we will also do things with our box and probably re-mark all the bottles.

December 2, 2008
we are doing the same thing yesterday, and rying to finesh it.

December 3, 2008
Today my partner, nate, is gone, so i will be looking at the S.O. website and looking to get an insight on how nate and i are going to have to do the hair samples and finger print examination.
if it is complicated and we have to have a certain type of equipment, we will get it, and do more research. if its the exact opposite, we will get an even better insight on the event.
i just found out that there are different hairs for different races!

December 4, 2008

today i will show nate what i did yesterday, and continue the study.

December 5, 2008
today we are going to study part two (above=part 1) on sinthetic and natural fibers in a crime scene. if we finesh fibers, we will go on to pt. 3, Crime and Evidence.

January 5, 2009!!!!!!
today we are practicing finger prints and searching for websites that might help us in competition.

January 6, 2009

we will continue the study of finger prints and searching for website that might help us in competition.

January 7, 2009
today, after school, me, sam, and, zach found out how to find the ph levels of solids. it took a lot of time to find them all and write them down. scince sams handwriting is really bad. i will typ our findings about each chemical tomorrow cause i ran out of time today.

January 8, 2008

we are continuing our study from yesterday and i will search for websites that might help us in competition.

January 9, 2008
today, we finished the table of all of the chemicals that we have. we also found the ph ouf the ones we did not get the preveious day.

Monday, September, 22,2008
For our anatomy event, we will have to study the circulatory and skeletal system.
Skeletal: Our team will need to know about the bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton. (no skull bones)
*Label the basic surface anatomy of a bone as shown on a diagram/x-ray
*Names, structure, and function of types of joints and human ranges of motion. (only ball and socket)
*Structures of bones in cross-section.
* and last but not least types of vertebrae
Circulatory system:Our team will need to know the basics of the heart chambers, valves, and coronary arteries.
*cellular and gross anatomy of arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries, and name the major vessels of the body.
Scoring:high score wins, selected questions\quality of free-response will be used to break ties.

September 29, 2008

The Heart: The heart is a pumping system which intakes deoxygenated blood through the veins, delivering it to the lungs for oxygenation and then pumping it into the various arteries to be transmitted to where it is needed throughout the body for energy. The heart is about the size of a fist. it contains a buffer zone to decrease its force or we would be shaken by every beat. This buffer zone also protects the heart from outside injury and keeps it from scraping against the chest wall. In some instances, nightmares can seem so real that the heart will pound in fear. In one study, the heart rate of the sleeper was timed at 150 beats per minute. Myth has it that the heart is the seat of the emotions, but it is, instead, a pump to circulate the blood throughout the body and only contributes to the emotions by sending oxygenated blood to our brain cells; so, if you want to gain some one's affection, you may have to ask Cupid to shoot them through the head rather than the heart. An arrow through the heart (or through the head, for that matter) would stop all bodily functions. The Medical Dictionary reports that the heart beats more than 2.5 billion times in an average lifetime.

September 30, 2008

Skeletal system:The Skeletal System serves many important functions; it provides the shape and form for our bodies in addition to supporting, protecting, allowing bodily movement, producing blood for the body, and storing minerals.
Functions: Its 206 bones form a rigid framework to which the softer tissues and organs of the body are attached.Vital organs are protected by the skeletal system. The brain is protected by the surrounding skull as the heart and lungs are encased by the sternum and rib cage.Bodily movement is carried out by the interaction of the muscular and skeletal systems. For this reason, they are often grouped together as the muscular-skeletal system. Muscles are connected to bones by tendons. Bones are connected to each other by ligaments. Where bones meet one another is typically called a joint. Muscles which cause movement of a joint are connected to two different bones and contract to pull them together. An example would be the contraction of the biceps and a relaxation of the triceps. This produces a bend at the elbow. The contraction of the triceps and relaxation of the biceps produces the effect of straightening the arm.Blood cells are produced by the marrow located in some bones. An average of 2.6 million red blood cells are produced each second by the bone marrow to replace those worn out and destroyed by the liver.Bones serve as a storage area for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. When an excess is present in the blood, buildup will occur within the bones. When the supply of these minerals within the blood is low, it will be withdrawn from the bones to replenish the supply.

Divisions of the Skeleton:The human skeleton is divided into two distinct parts:The axial skeleton consists of bones that form the axis of the body and support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk.

The appendicular skeleton is composed of bones that anchor the appendages to the axial skeleton.

Types of Bone:The bones of the body fall into four general categories: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Long bones are longer than they are wide and work as levers. The bones of the upper and lower extremities (ex. humerus, tibia, femur, ulna, metacarpals, etc.) are of this type. Short bones are short, cube-shaped, and found in the wrists and ankles. Flat bones have broad surfaces for protection of organs and attachment of muscles (ex. ribs, cranial bones, bones of shoulder girdle). Irregular bones are all others that do not fall into the previous categories. They have varied shapes, sizes, and surfaces features and include the bones of the vertebrae and a few in the skull.

Bones are composed of tissue that may take one of two forms. Compact, or dense bone, and spongy, or cancellers, bone. Most bones contain both types. Compact bone is dense, hard, and forms the protective exterior portion of all bones. Spongy bone is inside the compact bone and is very porous (full of tiny holes). Spongy bone occurs in most bones. The bone tissue is composed of several types of bone cells embedded in a web of inorganic salts (mostly calcium and phosphorus) to give the bone strength, and collagenous fibers and ground substance to give the bone flexibility.

October 6, 2008

Clavicle

The clavicle is the collarbone. There are two of these bones, each curved a little like an "f," that join the top of the breastbone (sternum) to the shoulder blade (scapula). The clavicles support the arms and transmit force from the arms into the central skeleton.

Coccyx

The coccyx (or tail) is the lowest part of the vertebral column and is attached by ligaments to the margins of the sacral hiatus. When a person is sitting, pressure is exerted on the coccyx, and it moves forward, acting sort of like a shock absorber. Sitting down with too great a force may cause the coccyx to be fractured or dislocated.

October 7, 2008

Spine

The spine is a column of bone and cartilage that extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis. It encloses and protects the spinal cord and supports the trunk of the body and the head. The spine is made up of approximately thirty-three bones called "vertebrae." Each pair of vertebrae is connected by a joint which stabilizes the vertebral column and allows it to move. Between each pair of vertebrae is a disk-shaped pad of fibrous cartilage with a jelly-like core, which is called the "inter vertebral" disk - or usually just the "disk". These disks cushion the vertebrae during movement. The entire spine encloses and protects the spinal cord, which is a column of nerve tracts running from every area of the body to the brain. The vertebrae are bound together by two long, thick ligaments running the entire length of the spine and by smaller ligaments between each pair of vertebrae. The anterior longitudinal ligament consists of strong, dense fibers, located inside the bodies of the vertebrae. They span nearly the whole length of the spine, beginning with the second vertebrae (or "axis"), and extending to the sacrum. The ligament is thicker in the middle (or "thoracic" region). Some of the shorter fibers are separated by circular openings, which allow for the passage of blood vessels. Several groups of muscles are also attached to the vertebrae, and these control movements of the spine as well as to support it. Quasimodo, the central character of Victor Hugo's novel, "The Hunchback of Notre Dame," is probably the most famous of all real or fictional sufferers of "kyphosis," an abnormal, backward curvature of the spine.

October 13, 2008

The heart and pulmonary system:The heart is located roughly in the center of the chest cavity. It is covered by a protective membrane, the pericardium.

Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium.It flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The term tricuspid refers to the three flaps of tissue that make up the valve.Contraction of the ventricle then closes the tricuspid valve and forces open the pulmonary valve.Blood flows into the pulmonary artery.This branches immediately, carrying blood to the right and left lungs.Here the blood gives up carbon dioxide and takes on a fresh supply of oxygen.The capillary beds of the lungs are drained by venules that are the tributaries of the pulmonary veins.Four pulmonary veins, two draining each lung, carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart.

October 20,2008

The Ribs

Ribs are flat, curved bones that form the framework of the chest and make up a cage to protect the heart, lungs and other upper organs. There are twelve pairs of ribs, each joined at the back of the cage to a vertebra in the spine. Between the ribs, and attached to them, are thin sheets of muscle that help to expand and relax the chest during breathing. The spaces between the ribs contain nerves and blood vessels. There are seven true ribs attached to the sternum (breastbone) directly by their costal cartilages. The remaining five pairs are called "false ribs," because their cartilages do not reach the sternum directly. Instead, the cartilages of the upper three false ribs join the cartilages attached to the ribs above, while the last rib pairs have no cartilaginous attachments to the sternum at all. These last two pairs are sometimes called "floating" ribs." The front ends of the upper ribs are linked to the sternum by cartilage, which is tough, thick and elastic. It has no blood supply of its own, but obtains nutrients from tissue fluid. The ligaments which join the costal cartilages of the ribs to the clavicle (collarbone) are called the "costoclavicular ligaments."

October 27,2008

The bones of the body: skull, mandible, clavicle, scapula, rib, thoracic vertebra, inter vertebral disc, lumbar vertebra, pelvis, coccyx, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, cervical vertebra, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, false ribs. Parts of the skull: frontal bone, parietal bone, occipital bone, temporal bone, sphenoid, nasal bone, ethnoid bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla, mandible.

October 28, 2008

Parts of the spine, and sternum: Sternum: manubrium, body of the sternum, xiphoid process.

spine:cervical vertebra, thoratic vertebra, inter vertebral disc, and the lumbar vertebra.

Parts of the pelvis: Coxa (hipbone), coccyx, ilac crest, sacroiliac joint, sacral promontory, sacrum, sacral foremen.

October, 29, 2008

The Circulatory system consists of a massive network of over 60,000 miles of blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capilaries). this circulates blood between the heart and parts of the body.
there are many artereis in the body, and these are some.
common cartriod artery, subclavian artery,, superior vena cava, pulmanary artery, axilla artery, pulmnary vein, bracheal artery, inferior vena cava, hepatic portal vein, superior mesenteric artery, ulnar artery, deep femoral artery, femoral artery, arterial network of the knee, popliteal artery, anterior tibial artery, posterial tibial artery, peroneal artery, dorsal digital veins and arteries, dorsal metatarsal arteries and veins, posterior tibial vein, anterior tibial vein, venous network of the knee, popliteal vein, femoral vein, great saphenous vein common iliac artery, ulnar vein, radial vein, decending aorta, basilic vein, brachial vein, cephalic vein, axillary vein, heart, aortic arch, subclavian vein, internal jubular vein.

October 30, 2008

we will name all the bones, and practice all the bones, in the body. by memory, then look in the book and get 1 fact on each bone, and we will also loom on the Internet. we will know the skeletal system backwards and forwards.
skull, mandible, maxilla, tibia, fibula, humorous, radius, ulna, ribs, spine, femur, pelvis, phalanges, tarsals, metatarsals, carpals, metacarpals, coccyx, scapula, clavicle.
Nate missed the sternum and the patella
Alexandra listed: skull, maxilla, mandible, clavicle, sternum, scapula, ribs, spine, pelvis, coccyx, femur, humerus, radius, ulna, fibula, tibia, carpals metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals,
she missed: patella and phalanges
the skeletal system has 206 bones. since it is rigid, it give the frame for our body. it also protects vital organs.

October 31, 2008

Again we will study the bones and start to know the skeletal system backwards and forwards! then we will study the joints. (next time we do anatomy)

November 17, 2008

today in anatomy we will be studying the respiratory blood that system.
Parts that play a key role in blood circulation.

pulmonary capillary
right lung
pulmonary circulation
vena cava
systemic circulation
systemic capillaries
aorta
pulmonary vein
left lung
pulmonary capillary

right and left pulmonary arteries

November 18, 2008
The inside parts of a bone include cartilage, epiphysis, diaphysis, spongy bone, compact bone, medullary cavity, yellow bone marrow, periosteum,artery. The combination of the hard outer cover and the spongy interior let the bone be both light and strong. The blood is made in the bone. the bones are meant to give the body structure. bones are made of calcium. that is why it is good to drink a lot of milk.

November 19, 2008

Today we are learning about joints
Hinge
A hinge joint allows extension and retraction of an appendage.
Saddle
A saddle joint allows movement back and forth and up and down, bot does not allow for rotation like a ball and socket joint.
Ellipsoid
Ellipsoid joints are similar to a ball and socket joint. They allow the same type of movement to a lesser magnitude. The wrist is an ellipsoid joint.
Ball and Socket
A ball and socket joint allows for radial movement in almost any direction. They are found in the hips and shoulders.
Pivot
Pivot joints allow rotation arround an axis. The neck and forearms have pivot joints. In the neck the occipital bone spins over the top of the axis. In the forarms the radius and ulna twist arround each other.

Gliding
In a gliding or plane joint bones slide past each other. Midcarpal and midtarsal joints are gliding joints

November 20, 2008
Today, we went to Mr. Novak's room and used his 3-D modles of the heart and circulatory. We also studied books.

November 21, 2008
Today we are going to look for an anatomy box (Nate's idea) Then when that plan failes, we will study our previus information on joints, from November 19.

December 8, 2008
today we are going to study the lungs. Air, which is inhaled through the mouth and nasal passages, travels through the windpipe or "trachea" into two main air passages. These divide into smaller branches which separate into even smaller "twigs" like an upside-down tree. The respiratory system is mainly contained in two lungs. The little air sacs at the end of the twigs comprise the fruit of the tree, and through its thin walls gasses pass into and out of the blood. The right lung is made up of three compartments, each of which contain a branch and each of which stems off into smaller "twigs," which hold the air sacs (or "fruit" of the tree) that process the oxygen in the air to be released into the blood and expel carbon dioxide, which is exhaled through the nose and mouth. The left lung cavity contains only two sections (each with its own branches, twigs and fruit) and encloses the heart, which processes the oxygenated blood and returns deoxygenated blood into the lungs for exhalation. Breathing is an automatic process which comes from the brain stem and is so strong a force that the involuntary reflexes will not allow us to stop breathing for any length of time. The passageways in the respiratory system are lined with various types of epithelia to prepare the air properly for utilization and with hair-like fibers called cilia that move in a wave-like motion to sweep debris out of the lungs for expulsion. The women in ancient Greece and Rome wore corsets of linen to restrain their figures. The female waistline has been moved up and down over the passage of time, but this became a real health hazard when whalebone corsets came into use during the last part of the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries, because they constricted the vital organs in the body - especially those of the respiratory and digestive systems. Women with "wasp-like" waists fainted so often that those who were well-off purchased "fainting" couches; and when a woman "swooned," the cry, "Cut her laces!" often allowed her enough air to recover.

December 9, 2008
today we will study arteries, our books and the internet.

The circulatory system is made up of the vessels and the muscles that help and control the flow of the blood around the body. This process is called circulation. The main parts of the system are the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins.

As blood begins to circulate, it leaves the heart from the left ventricle and goes into the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The blood leaving the aorta is full of oxygen. This is important for the cells in the brain and the body to do their work. The oxygen rich blood travels throughout the body in its system of arteries into the smallest arterioles.

On its way back to the heart, the blood travels through a system of veins. As it reaches the lungs, the carbon dioxide (a waste product) is removed from the blood and replace with fresh oxygen that we have inhaled through the lungs

December 10, 2008

The Circulatory System is the main transportation and cooling system for the body. The red blood cells act like billions of little UPS trucks carrying all sorts of packages that are needed by all the cells in the body. Instead of UPS,they're really called RBC's. RBC's carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells. Every cell in the body needs oxygen to remain alive. Besides RBC's, there are also White Blood Cells moving in the circulatory system . White Blood Cells are the paramedics, police and street cleaners of the circulatory system. Anytime you have a cold, a cut, or an infection, the WBC's go to work. Part of the Circulatory System consists off a lot of "one way streets". "The superhighways" of the circulatory system are the veins and arteries. Veins are used to carry blood to the heart. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Most of the time, blood in the veins is blood where most of the oxygen and nutrients have already been delivered to the cells. This blood is called deoxygenated and is dark red. Most of the time blood in the arteries is loaded with oxygen and nutrients and the color is bright red. There is one artery that carries deoxygenated blood and there are some veins that carry oxygenated blood.

December 11, 2008

Circulatory System: The Circle of Blood

the body has about 5 liters of blood continuaslly traveling through it by way of the circulatory system. The heart, the lungs, and the blood vessels work together to form the circle part of the circulatory system. The pumping of the heart forces the blood everywhere.The body's circulatory system has three distinct parts: pulmonary circulation, coronary circulation, and systemic circulation. Or, the lungs (pulmonary), the heart (coronary), and the rest of the system (systemic). Each part must be working independently in order for them to all work together.=)

December 12, 2008

The job of the Circulatory System

The Circulatory system is responsible for transporting materials throughout the entire body. It transports nutrients, water, and oxygen to your billions of body cells and carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide that body cells produce. It is an amazing highway that travels through your entire body connecting all your body cells.

Parts of the Circulatory System
The circulatory System is divided into three major parts:

The Heart
The Blood
The Blood Vessels

*Note to Mr. Cicotte* : Avioli is an air sack in the lungs that turns oxygen in the air into oxegen in the blood. And, even though we realized that we don't have to do the Respatory system, the cilia are located in the tubes in the lungs.

January 12, 2009

today we will be learning about the circulatory system. we will try to memorize it today and tomarow.

January 14, 2009
today we i will be doing the same thing as the 12th. here r some sample questions we found.

1. Write down the detailed path of the blood traveling through the heart, to the rest of the body, and back again.

2. List the three types of blood vessels and describe how they are different and alike.

3. What is the function of the atrium? ventricles?

4. What is the job of the Vena cava? the Aorta?

5. What does the valves of the heart do?

Disease and Drugs.

What are some of the effects of nicotine on the body?

How does caffeine affect your blood pressure?

How does alcohol affect the human body?

How will the deposit of plague in your blood vessels affect your health? What are some of the diseases you will get?

Calculations

If systolic pressure is 112 and diastolic pressure is 80, what are the pulse pressure? and the Mean Arterial Pressure? Please list the equations you used.

One of your classmates has a heart rate of 72, a systolic pressure of 138 and diastolic pressure of 65, and an end diastolic volume of 105 and end systolic volume of 46. What is their cardiac output? Please write the equation you used.

Below is a diagram of the spinal cord followed by a question sheet and an answer sheet. In the answer sheet, remember to imagine lines after the numbers.

2.What two lobes does the central sulcus separate?

3.How does the cerebral cortex get information?

4.Name the four lobules of the cerebrum.

5.What are the smallest kind of blood vessel?

6.What makes up the telencephalon?

7.What is the longitudinal fissure and Fissure of Sylvian?

8.Name the kind of circulation if the blood goes from the heart to the lungs.

9. Name the kind of circulation if the blood goes from the lungs to the muscles to the heart.

10.Name the layers of the heart from outside to inside.

11.What part of the brain controls language comprehension and where is it located?

12.What is the function of Nissl Bodies?

13.What does the oculomotor nerve control?

14. Where is the transportation of nutrients to a muscle occur?

15.What does the Limbic System control?

Wednesday, September 24, 2008

Compute This

Friday, September 19, 2008

science crime busters

Tuesday, September 16, 2008

Anatomy!!!

Clavicle

The Ribs

Circulatory System: The Circle of Blood

Science Olympiad

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